PRP

An Interview with Tariq Karim

What are your thoughts on the efficacy of polynucleotides?

TQ

Polynucleotides, which include DNA and RNA, are fundamental
to biological processes. They serve as the repositories of genetic information
in living organisms (DNA) and play a critical role in protein synthesis (RNA).
The efficacy of polynucleotides in these roles is indisputable, as they are the
basis of life as we understand it.

In a broader context, the application of polynucleotides has
expanded significantly with advancements in biotechnology and genetic
engineering. For instance, RNA-based therapies, like mRNA vaccines, have
demonstrated their efficacy, especially in the rapid development of vaccines
for COVID-19. These applications leverage the natural roles of polynucleotides
in the body, proving them to be powerful tools in medicine and biotechnology.

Furthermore, DNA-based technologies, such as CRISPR-Cas9
gene editing, show the potential of polynucleotides in genome editing. This has
vast implications for treating genetic diseases, improving crop yields, and
even in ecological management.

However, the efficacy of polynucleotides in these advanced
applications depends on many factors, including delivery methods, stability,
and the body’s response to these molecules. In therapeutic settings, challenges
like immune reactions or off-target effects are significant considerations.
Therefore, while the natural roles of polynucleotides are highly efficient and
well-tuned through evolution, their efficacy in medical and technological
applications is an area of ongoing research and development.

…and what about in aesthetics?

TQ

In the field of aesthetics, particularly cosmetic and
dermatological applications, polynucleotides are gaining attention for their benefits
in skin rejuvenation and repair. These molecules, often used in the form of
polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) or other related compounds, are believed to
stimulate skin healing and regeneration, which can be beneficial in aesthetic
treatments.

Skin Rejuvenation and Anti-Aging

Polynucleotides are thought to promote skin hydration,
improve elasticity, and reduce wrinkles. They may stimulate fibroblast
activity, which is essential for collagen production. This can lead to improved
skin texture and reduced signs of aging.

Wound Healing

Their potential to accelerate tissue repair and promote cell
growth can be beneficial in treating scars or after aesthetic procedures like
laser treatments, where accelerated skin recovery is desired.

Safety and Tolerance

Generally, these treatments are considered safe and
well-tolerated, but as with any cosmetic procedure, there can be risks or side
effects depending on individual reactions and the quality of the products used.

Research and Efficacy

While the use of polynucleotides in aesthetics shows
promise, it’s important to note that this is a relatively new area of
application. More extensive clinical research is needed to fully understand
their efficacy, optimal formulations, and long-term effects.

Overall, polynucleotides represent an interesting
development in aesthetic medicine, potentially offering a scientific approach
to skin care and rejuvenation.

…and how does polynucleotides differ from PRP?

TQ

Polynucleotides and Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) are both used
in aesthetic and medical treatments, but they are fundamentally different in
composition, extraction, and mechanism of action.

Composition

Polynucleotides: These are long chains of nucleotides, which
are the basic structural units of DNA and RNA. In aesthetic treatments, they
are usually derived from salmon DNA or other similar sources. They are known
for their hydrating, regenerative, and anti-inflammatory properties.

PRP

This is a concentrate of platelet-rich plasma protein
derived from whole blood. It is centrifuged to separate the plasma and platelet
portion from the rest of the blood components. PRP is rich in growth factors
and cytokines that are believed to stimulate healing and tissue regeneration.

Source and Extraction

Polynucleotides

These are typically sourced from biological materials, such
as salmon DNA, and are then processed and purified for medical or cosmetic use.

PRP

It is autologous, meaning it is derived from the patient’s
own blood. This involves drawing a blood sample from the patient, which is then
centrifuged to separate the PRP.

Mechanism of Action

Polynucleotides

They are believed to work by stimulating skin hydration,
promoting collagen synthesis, and aiding in tissue repair and regeneration.
This makes them useful in anti-aging treatments and skin rejuvenation.

PRP

The growth factors and cytokines in PRP help in accelerating
the healing process, promoting cell growth, and repairing tissue. It’s used in
various medical and cosmetic procedures, including injury recovery, hair
regrowth, and skin rejuvenation.

Applications

Polynucleotides

Commonly used in skin rejuvenation treatments, anti-aging
procedures, and in some cases, for wound healing.

PRP

Broadly used in orthopedics, dentistry, cosmetic procedures
like facial rejuvenation, and hair loss treatments.

Safety and Efficacy

Both treatments are generally considered safe, but efficacy
can vary. PRP, being autologous, has a lower risk of allergic reactions.
Polynucleotides, while usually well-tolerated, may carry a risk of reaction
depending on the source and individual sensitivities.

While both polynucleotides and PRP are used in regenerative
medicine and aesthetics, they differ significantly in their source,
preparation, and biological action. Their use depends on the specific treatment
goals and individual patient considerations.

..can you elaborate on the biological action of both
polynucleotides and prp?

TQ

Let’s delve deeper into the biological action of both
polynucleotides and Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) to understand how they function
at a cellular and molecular level.

Polynucleotides

Cellular Stimulation and Repair

Polynucleotides have been shown to stimulate the activity of
fibroblasts, which are cells crucial for collagen synthesis and tissue repair.
This action helps in improving skin elasticity and reducing wrinkles.

Hydration and Protection

They enhance skin hydration by attracting and binding water
molecules, thereby improving skin moisture and texture. Additionally,
polynucleotides can form a protective layer on the skin, helping to shield it
from environmental damage.

Wound Healing and Anti-inflammatory Properties

These molecules may promote the healing process by
stimulating angiogenesis (formation of new blood vessels) and the regeneration
of skin tissue. Their anti-inflammatory properties also help in reducing skin
inflammation and redness.

DNA Repair Mechanisms

Some studies suggest that polynucleotides may assist in the
repair of damaged DNA in skin cells, although this area needs further research
for a more comprehensive understanding.

Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP)

Release of Growth Factors

PRP is concentrated with platelets, which, upon activation,
release a variety of growth factors like Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF),
Transforming Growth Factor (TGF), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF),
and others. These factors play crucial roles in the healing and regeneration
process.

Tissue Regeneration and Healing

The growth factors in PRP stimulate cell proliferation,
differentiation, and tissue regeneration. This accelerates the healing process
in injured or damaged tissues, making PRP a popular choice in sports medicine,
wound healing, and cosmetic procedures.

Angiogenesis and Increased Blood Flow

PRP can promote angiogenesis, leading to increased blood
flow and improved nutrient delivery to tissues. This is particularly beneficial
in wound healing and in treatments aimed at skin rejuvenation.

Anti-Inflammatory Effects

The growth factors in PRP also have anti-inflammatory
properties, which can reduce swelling and promote faster recovery of injured or
treated areas.

Stimulation of Collagen Production

In cosmetic applications, the growth factors in PRP can
stimulate collagen production, which is essential for maintaining skin firmness
and elasticity, thereby contributing to anti-aging effects.

Both polynucleotides and PRP function by promoting healing,
regeneration, and rejuvenation at a cellular level, though they do so through
different mechanisms. Polynucleotides primarily act by improving hydration,
protecting skin, and stimulating repair, whereas PRP works by releasing growth
factors that directly influence cell growth, angiogenesis, and inflammation
control. These mechanisms are central to their use in therapeutic and aesthetic
applications.

…whats the difference in the biological processes that
promote tissue repair?

TQ

The biological processes promoting tissue repair in
treatments involving polynucleotides and Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) are
distinct due to their different components and mechanisms of action. Let’s
break down the key differences:

Polynucleotides

Stimulation of Fibroblasts

Polynucleotides stimulate fibroblasts, the cells responsible
for producing collagen, elastin, and other extracellular matrix components.
This results in improved skin structure and elasticity.

Hydration and Protective Layer

They enhance skin hydration by attracting water molecules.
This hydration is crucial for healthy cell function and tissue repair.
Additionally, they may form a protective layer to shield skin cells from
environmental damage.

Anti-Inflammatory Action

Polynucleotides have anti-inflammatory properties that can
reduce redness and swelling, aiding in the healing process.

Angiogenesis

They may stimulate the formation of new blood vessels, which
is crucial for bringing nutrients and oxygen to damaged tissues, thus
facilitating repair.

DNA Repair

There is evidence to suggest that polynucleotides can assist
in DNA repair mechanisms within cells, although this aspect requires more
research for a fuller understanding.

Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP)

Release of Growth Factors

PRP is rich in growth factors like PDGF, TGF, and VEGF.
These factors are critical in initiating and regulating various stages of the
healing process, including cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation.

Collagen Production and Matrix Formation

The growth factors released from PRP stimulate the
production of collagen and other matrix proteins, essential for tissue strength
and integrity.

Angiogenesis and Improved Blood Supply

PRP promotes the formation of new blood vessels, enhancing
blood flow to the damaged area, which is crucial for delivering nutrients and
removing waste products.

Modulation of Inflammation

PRP can modulate the inflammatory response, which is a
critical aspect of the initial phase of tissue repair. It helps in controlling
excessive inflammation that can be detrimental to the healing process.

Recruitment of Stem Cells

Certain growth factors in PRP may attract stem cells to the
site of injury, contributing to tissue regeneration and healing.

Comparison

Source and Nature

Polynucleotides are synthetic or derived from natural
sources and are not patient-specific. PRP is autologous, derived from the
patient’s own blood.

Mechanism of Action

Polynucleotides act primarily through hydration, fibroblast
stimulation, and potentially DNA repair. PRP’s action is predominantly driven
by the release of growth factors that directly influence various aspects of the
healing process.

Tissue Repair Approach

Polynucleotides offer a more indirect approach to tissue
repair, mainly by creating favorable conditions for cell growth and repair.
PRP, in contrast, provides a direct stimulus for repair and regeneration
through growth factors.

Application Scope

The differences in mechanisms make these therapies suitable
for varying conditions. Polynucleotides are often used for skin rejuvenation
and hydration, while PRP is more widely used for its regenerative capabilities
in various tissues, including skin, hair, and musculoskeletal injuries.

Understanding these differences is crucial for selecting the
appropriate treatment modality in regenerative medicine and aesthetic
procedures.

…so polynucleotides use DNA and RNA to promote tissue
repair whilst PRP uses growth factors?

TQ

Yes, that’s a succinct way to describe the fundamental
differences in how polynucleotides and Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) promote
tissue repair:

Polynucleotides

These treatments use chains of nucleotides, which are the
building blocks of DNA and RNA.

Their mechanism for promoting tissue repair is not directly
through DNA and RNA synthesis, but rather through stimulating cellular
processes that lead to improved tissue health. This includes stimulating
fibroblasts (which are crucial for collagen production), enhancing hydration,
providing a protective layer for cells, and possibly assisting in DNA repair
mechanisms.

The key here is that they create a conducive environment for
cell growth and repair, which indirectly supports tissue repair and
rejuvenation.

Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP)

PRP uses the patient’s own blood, processed to concentrate
platelets.

When these platelets are activated, they release a variety
of growth factors like Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF), Transforming
Growth Factor (TGF), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), and others.

These growth factors directly stimulate the healing process
by promoting cell proliferation, tissue regeneration, angiogenesis (formation
of new blood vessels), and modulating the inflammatory response.

PRP’s approach to tissue repair is more direct, using growth
factors to actively signal and regulate the healing process.

In summary, polynucleotides aid tissue repair by enhancing
the overall health and function of cells and the extracellular matrix, while
PRP directly stimulates the repair and regeneration of tissue through the
action of growth factors.

“Not Directly Through DNA and RNA Synthesis”:

When we think of DNA and RNA, we often associate them with
genetic information storage and protein synthesis, respectively. However, in
the context of polynucleotide treatments in aesthetic or therapeutic
applications, the role of these polynucleotides isn’t to provide new genetic
information or directly participate in protein synthesis.

Instead of being incorporated into a cell’s own DNA or RNA,
these externally applied polynucleotides act through different mechanisms.

“Stimulating Cellular Processes”

Polynucleotides stimulate various cellular activities and
responses. Here’s how:

Stimulating Fibroblasts

These cells are responsible for producing collagen and other
components of the extracellular matrix, crucial for skin structure and wound
healing. By stimulating fibroblasts, polynucleotides enhance the skin’s natural
regeneration and repair capabilities.

Enhancing Cell Hydration

Polynucleotides can attract and retain water molecules,
thereby improving the hydration of the cells. Well-hydrated cells function more
effectively, are healthier, and are better able to contribute to tissue repair.

Anti-inflammatory Properties

They can help reduce inflammation in the tissue, which is a
key component of the healing process. By mitigating inflammation,
polynucleotides help create a more favourable environment for tissue repair.

Potential in DNA Repair Mechanisms

Some studies suggest that polynucleotides may assist in the
cellular mechanisms that repair damaged DNA, although this effect is not fully
understood and requires more research.

The tissue repair facilitated by polynucleotide treatments
is primarily through enhancing and supporting the natural cellular processes
that contribute to tissue health and repair, rather than by directly adding new
genetic material or being involved in protein synthesis. This is a subtle but
important distinction in understanding how these treatments work at a cellular
level.

… but how do polynucleotides stimulate fibroblasts?

TQ

The stimulation of fibroblasts by polynucleotides involves a
complex interaction at the cellular level, influenced by various signalling
pathways and cellular responses. While the exact mechanisms are still an area
of ongoing research, here are some key points on how polynucleotides may
stimulate fibroblasts:

Activation of Cellular Receptors

Polynucleotides may bind to specific receptors on the
surface of fibroblasts. This binding can activate cellular signalling pathways
that lead to various cellular responses, including the stimulation of
fibroblast activity.

Promotion of Growth Factor Secretion

These molecules can induce fibroblasts to secrete growth
factors and cytokines. Growth factors like Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) and
Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β) are vital for fibroblast proliferation
and collagen synthesis.

Enhancing Collagen Production

Fibroblasts are the primary cells responsible for collagen
production in the skin. By stimulating these cells, polynucleotides indirectly
promote the synthesis of collagen, which is essential for skin elasticity and
strength, as well as for wound healing.

Improving Cellular Environment

Polynucleotides can enhance the extracellular environment,
providing better conditions for fibroblast function. This might include
improved hydration, which is crucial for optimal cell function.

Regulating Gene Expression

There is some evidence that polynucleotides can influence
the expression of genes in fibroblasts that are related to cell growth,
collagen synthesis, and tissue repair.

Anti-inflammatory Effects

By reducing inflammation, polynucleotides might contribute
to an environment that is more conducive to fibroblast activity and less
harmful to their function.

Oxidative Stress Reduction

They may also help in reducing oxidative stress in cells,
which can otherwise hinder fibroblast function and contribute to aging and
tissue damage.

Angiogenic Effects

Stimulating the formation of new blood vessels
(angiogenesis) can improve nutrient and oxygen

The overall consensus is that polynucleotides, through these
various mechanisms, create a favourable environment that supports and
stimulates the natural functions of fibroblasts, leading to improved skin
health and repair.